TURKISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
 
Division in Law and Hierarchy 
 
19
French Revolution, Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 
 
22
II. THE OTTOMAN CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENTS 
 
26
The Ottoman Period Constitutions 
 
26
Charter of Alliance, 1808 
 
28
The Constitution Based on The Law of 1876, (Kânûn–i Esâsî) 
 
32
III. CONSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY 
 
34
IV. PRINCIPLES EMBEDDED IN THE CONSTITUTION OF TURKEY 
 
47
Article 2 of 1982 Constitution 
 
47
Loyalty to the Nationalism of Ataturk 
 
54
Respecting Human Rights 
 
62
V. STATE ORGANS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY 
 
62
VI. CONSTITUTIONAL JUDICIARY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY 
 
68
The Historical Development of Constitutional Judiciary 
 
68
Duties of the Turkish Constitutional Court 
 
70
Decisions of the Turkish Constitutional Court 
 
74
TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
 
I. BASICS OF THE TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 
 
77
A Brief History of the Turkish Administrative Law 
 
77
Characteristics of the Turkish Administrative Law 
 
81
Administrative Law Is a Young and Developing Branch of Law 
 
81
Administrative Law Is an Independent Branch of Law 
 
81
Administrative Law Is Uncodified 
 
82
Administrative Law Is a Status Law 
 
82
Administrative Law Arises from Jurisprudence 
 
82
Subject of Administrative Law 
 
83
Principles that Effect Administrative Law 
 
83
II. SOURCES OF THE TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 
 
84
Sources of the Turkish Administrative Law 
 
85
International Conventions 
 
87
Administrative Practice 
 
89
III. TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE 
 
89
Central Administration 
 
89
Supporting Institutions 
 
92
Decentralization – in terms of geographical situation 
 
95
Decentralization – in terms of service 
 
98
Administrative Public Organizations 
 
99
Public Economic Enterprises 
 
99
Scientific, Technical and Cultural Public Organizations 
 
99
Social Public Organizations 
 
99
Professional Organizations Having the Characteristics of Public Institutions 
 
99
Regulatory and Supervisory Authorities 
 
100
IV. ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS & CONTRACTS 
 
100
Features of Administrative Acts 
 
101
Elements of Administrative Acts 
 
103
Types of Administrative Acts 
 
107
Standard Act and Individual Act 
 
107
Open Act and Implied Act 
 
107
Simple Act, Collective Act and Mixed Act 
 
107
Entry Into Force and End of Administrative Acts 
 
108
Administrative Contracts 
 
108
Contracts Governed by Administrative Law (Administrative Contracts) 
 
109
Contracts Governed by Private Law 
 
110
V. PUBLIC SERVICES & SERVANTS 
 
110
Factors of Public Service 
 
111
Fundamentals of Public Service 
 
111
Types of Public Service 
 
112
Administrative Public Services 
 
112
Economic Public Services 
 
113
Social Public Services 
 
113
Scientific, Cultural and Technical Public Services 
 
113
Establishment and Termination of Public Service 
 
113
Performing the Public Service 
 
114
Conditions of Being Civil Servant 
 
116
Principles According to the Law on Civil Servants No. 657 
 
118
Duties, Rights and Prohibitions of Civil Servants 
 
118
Rise and Disciplinary Process of Civil Servants 
 
120
VI. Public Properties & Expropriation 
 
122
Types of Public Properties 
 
122
Fundamentals of Public Properties 
 
123
VII. LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 
 
124
Defining Law Enforcement 
 
125
Public Order and Its Components 
 
125
Safety (Public Safety) 
 
126
Health (Public Health) 
 
126
Characteristics of Law Enforcement 
 
126
Law Enforcement Authorities 
 
127
Law Enforcement Actions and Procedures 
 
128
VIII. LIABILITY OF THE ADMINISTRATION & TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIARY SYSTEM 
 
129
Administrative Liability 
 
129
Terms of Liability of the Administration 
 
130
Absolve of the Administrative Liability 
 
131
Turkish Administrative Judiciary System 
 
131