Liability of the Fully Autonomous Shipowner to the Shipper

The principal research question of this thesis focuses on the liability of the fully autonomous shipowner towards the shipper for damage to cargo resulting from a collision on the high seas. In addressing this question, it is essential to examine the legal issues that directly influence the liability regime, namely the seaworthiness of the ship and the conduct of navigation in accordance with collision-avoidance standards. For this reason, the second research question considers whether fully autonomous ships are seaworthy, taking into account both the technologies on board and the systems located in the remote operation centre. The third research question focuses on the legal rules governing collision avoidance and prevention in fully autonomous navigation, as well as the extent of the shipowner's duty of due diligence in ensuring compliance with these rules.

By addressing these three central research questions, this thesis aims to contribute to the broader discourse on maritime law and fully autonomous shipping, providing valuable insights into the legal challenges, liability regime and implications associated with the emergence of fully autonomous cargo ships.