CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Turkish Commercial
1. Turkish Commercial Law
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1.1. Turkish Commercial Code Law No. 6102
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1.2. Relation Of The TCC, TCL, And TCO
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1.3. Turkish Protection of Competition Code Law No. 4054 (TCPC)
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1.4. Turkish Capital Market Law No. 6362 (TCML)
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1.5. Turkish Law of Checks Law No. 5941 (TLC)
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CHAPTER 2 Commercial Enterprise in Turkish Commercial Law
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1. Commercial Enterprıse And Its Factors
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1.1. Exceeding The Limits Of A Craftsperson’s Income
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1.2. Aim To Gain Income
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2. Centre And Branch Offıces
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CHAPTER 3 Commercial Matters Commercial Provisions Commercial Litigation
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1.1. Determining Commercial Matters
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1.1.1. Matters Regulated by the TCC
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1.1.2. Matters Related with Commercial Enterprises
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1.1.3. Presumption of Commercial Matters
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1.1.4. Matters That Are Commercıal For One Of The Parties
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1.2. Results of Commercial Matters
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1.2.1. Presumption Of Solidarity
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1.2.2. Interest In Commercial Matters
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1.2.3. Exceedıng The Maximum Upper Limit In Commercial Matters
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1.2.4. Lapse Of Time In Commercial Matters
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2. Commercial Provisions
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2.1. Provisions That Can Be Applied To Commercial Matters
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2.1.1. Statutory Provisions Of Law
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2.1.2. Contractual Provisions
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2.1.3. Complementary Commercial Provision
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2.1.4. Commercial Usage and Custom
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2.1.5. General Provisions
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3. Commercial Litigation
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3.1.1. Peremptory Commercial Cases
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3.1.2. Proportional Commercial Cases
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3.2. Commercial Courts in the Turkish Legal System
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1. Natural Person Traders
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1.1. Existence Of A Commercial Enterprise
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1.2. Operating A Commercial Enterprise
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1.3.Perating Commercial Enterprises On Behalf Of Oneself
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2. Special Provisions On Natural Person Traders
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2.1. Traders As MinorsUnder The Care Of A Guardian
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2.2. People Debarred From Commerce
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3. Corporate Legal Person Traders
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3.1. Commercial Companies As Traders
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3.2. Associations That Operate Commercial Companies
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3.3. Other Institutions
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4. Provisions And Results Of Traders
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4.3. Registering With The Trade Registry
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4.4.Maintainıng Commercial Books
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4.5. Actıng As A Prudent Businessperson
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4.6. Denunciations And Notices
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4.7.Presumption Of Commercial Affairs
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4.8.Right To Ask For Payment And Interest
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4.9. Invoices And Confirmation Letters
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4.10. Decreases Of Payments And Contracts
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4.11. Provision Of The Right Of Lien
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4.12. Registering To Related Chambers
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4.13.Trade Usage And Custom
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CHAPTER 5 Assistants Of Traders
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1. Dependent Trader Assistants
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1.1. Commercial Representatives
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1.2. Commercial Deputies
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1.3. Marketing Associates
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1.3.1. Obligations Of Marketing Associates
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1.3.1.1. Following Instructions
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1.3.1.2. Prohibition From Competition
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1.3.1.3. Rendering Information
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1.3.1.4. Lack Of Warranty Obligations
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1.3.1.5. Working In Commercial Enterprises —Workplace
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1.3.2. Marketing Associates’ Rights
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1.3.2.1. Right To Payment
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1.3.2.2. Right To Monopoly
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1.3.2.3. Right To Ask For Expenses
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1.3.2.4. Right of Lien
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1.3.3. End of Marketing Associate Contracts
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1.3.3.1. Special Results
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2. Independent Trader Assistants
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2.1.1. Payment of Fees
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2.1.2. Termination of Intermedıary Contracts
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2.2.1. Competences of Agents
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2.2.1.1. Transactions and rights–protecting statements
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2.2.1.2. Competences in courts and litigations
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2.2.1.3. Transactions with permissionprocuration
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2.2.1.4. Transactions with permissionprocuration
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2.2.2. Agents’ Obligations
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2.2.2.1. Protecting Traders’ Interests
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2.2.2.2. Liability For Damages
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2.2.2.3. Notification Of Clients
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2.2.2.4. Taking Precautions
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2.2.3. Rights Of Agents
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2.2.3.1. Right To Remuneration
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2.2.3.2. Extraordinary Expenses and Interest
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2.2.3.3. Right To Lien
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2.2.4. Obligations of Client Traders
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2.2.5. Termination Of The Agency Contract
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2.2.7. Prohibition Of Compensation
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2.3.1. Commissioners In The TCO
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2.3.1.1. Obligations of Commissioners In the TCO
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2.3.1.2. Rights of Commissioners In the TCO
109
2.3.2. Commissioners In The TCC
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2.3.2.1. Obligations Of Freight Forwards In The TCC
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2.3.2.2. Rights Of Freight Forwards
112
CHAPTER 6 Commercial Books Trade Registry
CHAPTER 7 Trade Name Commercial Enterprise
1.2. Forms Of Trade Names
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1.2.1. Trade Names Of Natural Person Traders
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1.2.2. Trade Names Of Legal Entıty Traders
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1.2.2.1. Ordinary Partnerships
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1.2.2.2. Collective Partnerships And Commandite Companies
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1.2.2.3. Joint Stock, Limited, And Cooperatives
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1.2.2.4. Associations, Foundations, and Associations of Ship–owners
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1.2.3. Annexes of Trade Names
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1.3. Continuity And Turnover Of Trade Names, And Branch Office Trade Names
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1.4. Protection Of Trade Names
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2. Commercial Enterprise Names
132
3.1. Protectıon of Trademark
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CHAPTER 8 Investment, Intellectual Property and Patent Rights
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1. Two Important International Legal Documents
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2. IP And Patent Rights In Turkish Domestic Law
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3. Trademarks And Investment
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4. Patents And Investments
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5. Industrial Design And Investment
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6. Geographical Indications And Investment
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CHAPTER 9 A Brief Introduction to Unfair Competition
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1. Unfair Competition And Its Elements
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2. Results Of Unfair Competition
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2.1.1. Declaratory Judgment Action
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2.1.2. Actions To Prevent Unfair Competition
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2.1.3. Action For Restitution
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2.1.4. Actions For Compensation
156
2.2. Criminal Results
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CHAPTER 10 Commercial Companies
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1. Ordinary Partnerships
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1.1. Dissolution Of Ordinary Partnerships
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2. Collective Partnerships
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2.1. The Function Of Collective Partnerships
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2.1.1. Right To Govern
168
2.1.2. Right To Pay Interest
169
2.1.3. Right To Audit
169
2.1.4. Sharing Of Profits And Losses
170
2.1.5. Prohibition Of Competition
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2.2. Dissolution Of Collective Companies
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3. Commandite Companies
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4. Joint Stock Companies
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4.1. Establishment Of Joint Stock Companies
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4.2. Functioning Of Joint Stock Companies
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4.2.1. BoD In Joint Stock Companies
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4.2.1.1. BoD Duties And Powers In Joint Stock Companies
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4.2.1.2. BoD Obligations In Joint Stock Companies
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4.2.1.3. Bod Member Liabilities
187
4.2.2. Auditors in Joint Stock Companies
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4.2.3. GA In Joint Stock Companies
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4.2.3.1. General Provisions On GA Functioning
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4.2.3.2. Right To Information
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4.2.3.3. Right To Request Special Audit
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4.2.3.4. Privileged Shares
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4.2.3.5. Action To Nullity And Invalidity Of GA Decisions
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4.2.3.6. Changing The Articles Of Association
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4.2.3.7. Shares, Share Certificates, And Securities
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4.2.3.8. Dissolution/Liquidation Of Joint Stock Companies
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5. Limited Partnerships Divided Into Shares
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6.1. Rights And Duties Of Shareholders
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6.2. Organs Of Limited Companies: GA And Managers
217
6.3. Dissolution and Liquidation of limited Companies
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CHAPTER 11 Legal Framework of Company Merger and Takeover
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1. TCC, Merger, Takeover, Etc.
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2. TCPC (Law No. 4054)
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3. TCML (Law No. 6362)
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CHAPTER 12 Outbound Acquisitions of Turkish Companies
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1. General Information And Procedures
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2. Law On The Protection Of The Value Of The Turkish Currency (LPTC)
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4. Mutual Investment Incitement And Protection (MIIP) Treaties
249
5. Double Taxation Treaty (DTT)
251
CHAPTER 13 A Brief Introduction to Commercial Papers
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1. General Provisions
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2. Negotiable Instruments As Commercial Papers
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2.1. Bills Of Exchange
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2.1.2. Responsibilities Of Signatories And Issuers
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2.2. Promissory Notes
259
2.2.1. Responsibilities Of Issuers
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CHAPTER 14 A Brief Introduction to Commercial Maritime Law
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1. What is Commercial Maritime Law?
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2. Commercial Maritime Law in TCC
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4. Maritime Trade Agreements
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5. International Law and Commercial Maritime Law
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CHAPTER 15 A Brief Introduction to Turkish Insurance Law
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1. Parties of Turkish Insurance Contracts
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2. Subject Matters of Insurance, Obligations of Insurer and Obligations of Insured
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3. Reinsurance and End of Insurance Contract
273
4. Some Important Terms in Insurance Law
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