LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XIII
B. Historical Developments 15
1. Financial Reporting 15
2. Non–Financial Reporting 20
1. Financial Reporting 21
2. Non–Financial Reporting 27
III. International Developments 29
1. Financial Reporting 29
2. Non–Financial Reporting 31
1. Financial Reporting 37
2. Non–Financial Reporting 50
1. Financial Reporting 56
2. Non–Financial Reporting 59
C. Rationale for Transparency ments 63
D. Limits to Transparency 72
DISCLOSURE UNDER COMPANY LAW AND DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. International Financial Reporting Standards 107
I. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 107
III. Addressee and Aim of Information 111
I. Disclosure Under Company Law 112
1. Company Law Directive 112
a. In–Scope Companies 112
b. Content of Disclosure 114
aa. General Rules for Companies 114
bbb. Provisions on Capital Maintenance and Alteration 119
ccc. Other Provisions 121
cc. Merger, Conversion and Division 124
d. Addressee of Information 130
2. Accounting Directive 142
a. Content of Disclosure 143
aa. Annual Financial Statements 143
bb. Management Report 146
cc. Auditor’s Statement 148
dd. Payments to Governments 148
c. In–Scope Companies 152
e. Addressee of Information 157
II. Disclosure Under Capital Markets Law 160
1. Prospectus Regulation 160
a. Content of Disclosure 161
dd. Future Performance 169
ee. Simplified Prospectus 169
c. In–Scope Companies 174
d. Addressee of Information 180
2. Transparency Directive 191
a. Content of Reporting 191
aa. Annual Financial Reports 194
bb. Half–Yearly Financial Reports 196
cc. Payments to Governments 198
ee. Additional Information for Security Holders 201
c. In–Scope Companies 213
e. Addressee of Information 222
3. Shareholder Rights Directive 224
a. Content of Disclosure 224
aa. Information Prior to the General Meeting 225
cc. Related Party Transactions 228
dd. Voting Results of the General Meeting 233
aa. Information Prior to the General Meeting 234
cc. Related Party Transactions 237
dd. Voting Results of the General Meeting 237
c. In–Scope Companies 238
d. Addressee of Information 239
4. Market Abuse Regulation 243
a. Content of Disclosure 244
aa. Inside Information 245
bbb. Precise Information 247
ddd. Protracted Processes 253
bb. Selective Disclosure 256
cc. Disclosure Obligation 257
dd. Managers’ Transactions 261
b. In–Scope Companies 263
f. Addressee of Information 279
g. The Interaction of the Market Abuse Regulation with Other Disclosure Rules 286
C. Corporate Disclosure as a Successful Regulatory Instrument? 289
I. Need for Information 290
III. Need for Standardisation 297
DISCLOSURE OF NON–FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. International Standards 303
I. Global Reporting Initiative Standards 303
1. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 304
3. Addressee and Aim of Information 306
II. Task Force on Climate–Related Financial Disclosures 308
1. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 308
3. Addressee and Aim of Information 309
III. IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards 311
1. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 311
3. Addressee and Aim of Information 318
I. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 319
1. Content of Reporting 321
b. Information About the Value Chain 329
d. Information d by the Taxonomy Regulation 334
e. Remuneration of the Board of Directors 335
2. Form and Period of Reporting 336
3. In–Scope Companies 341
5. Addressee of Information 347
II. Substantive Legislative Acts Mandating Disclosure 350
1. Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive 351
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 351
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 353
2. Regulation on Deforestation 357
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 357
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 360
3. Conflict Minerals Regulation 363
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 363
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 367
4. Batteries Regulation 371
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 371
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 375
III. Disclosure of Non–Financial Information under the Capital Markets Law 377
1. Prospectus Regulation 377
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 377
bb. Incorporation by Reference 383
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 385
2. Transparency Directive 386
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 386
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 390
3. Market Abuse Regulation 390
a. Content of Disclosure and In–Scope Companies 390
c. Addressee and Aim of Information 393
IV. Disclosure of Non–Financial Information as a Successful Regulatory Instrument? 394
1. Is the Due Diligence Framework Coherent? 394
2. Is Mandatory Disclosure Fit for Purpose? 397
3. Is the CSRD Coherent? 398