CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION AS A PLANET DEFENDER
 
I. THE CONCEPT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION 
 
17
A. Definition of Climate Change 
 
17
B. Historical Efforts to Combat Climate Change 
 
20
C. The Scope of Climate Change Litigation 
 
28
D. The Legal Framework of Climate Change Litigation 
 
30
II. TYPES OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION 
 
32
A. Climate Change Litigation Against States 
 
34
1. Weak Legal Framework 
 
36
a. Neubauer v. Germany Case 
 
36
b. Urgenda v. State of the Netherlands Case 
 
38
a. Torres Strait Islanders Case 
 
41
b. KlimaSeniorinnen Case 
 
45
B. Climate Change Litigation Against Corporations 
 
48
1. Climate–Related Duties of the Corporations 
 
57
3. The Personalization of Climate Liability 
 
66
4. Shareholder Activism 
 
69
ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW AS A BAROMETER FOR ACCOUNTABLE STATES
 
I. THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW 
 
75
A. Definition of the Environmental Rule of Law 
 
75
B. Reasons for the Lack of Adequate Implementation of the
 
Environmental Rule of Law 
 
78
C. Relationship Between the Environmental Rule of Law and Human
 
D. Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRs) 
 
82
II. LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY COMMITMENTS OF STATES FOR THE
 
ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW 
 
84
A. Transformation of The States for the New Environmental Era 
 
84
1. Financial Transformation 
 
87
2. Procedural Transformation 
 
89
B. Regular Global Assessment of the Environmental Rule of Law 
 
93
C. Role of the States in Regulating Corporations 
 
95
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION ON CLIMATE POLICY MAKING
 
I. INFORMED AND ENGAGED PUBLIC 
 
99
A. Rights of Children 
 
101
1. General Comment No. 26 on Children’s Rights and the
 
Environment with a Special Focus on Climate Change 
 
106
B. Cultural Rights of Indigenous People 
 
107
1. Feminist Climate Justice 
 
120
II. ROLE OF THE COURTS IN CLIMATE POLICY–MAKING 
 
127
III. CLIMATE SCIENCE AS A COMMON LANGUAGE 
 
131